Configuration and Localization of the Nipple-Areola Complex in Men

The sensitivity of the nipple-areola complex: an anatomic study.

Although preservation of the sensitivity of the nipple and areola is an important goal in breast surgery, only scant and contradictory information about the course and distribution of the supplying nerves is found in the literature. The existing controversy might be due to the difficulty in dissecting the thin nerves and to frequent anatomic variations that bias the results if only a small numb...

Usefulness of Free Nipple-Areola Complex Graft for Nipple Malposition after Nipple Sparing Mastectomy

Purpose: This article identifies the advantage and disadvantage of a free nipple areola complex graft (FNACG) for nipple malposition which resulted from tissue-expander insertion and subsequently replaced with an implant after nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM). Methods: The subjects were three such patients treated using FNACG and who were followed up for at least one year postoperatively. The su...

[Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola].

INTRODUCTION Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (NHNA) is a rare, benign condition of unknown etiology characterized by verrucous hyperpigmented plaques on the nipple and/or areola that was first described in 1923. Since then many cases have been reported in the literature and some have argued whether it is a distinct entity. Since the pathogenesis is unknown and it is a rare dermat...

Abstract: Critical Analysis of Nipple-Areola Complex Morphology

Temporary Areolar Demarcation for Nipple-areola Complex Reconstruction

We have described a surgical method that enhances the visual aesthetic outcome of the areola periphery in nipple-areola complex reconstruction. This technique is performed immediately following closure of the nipple flap. The created areolar outline can aid the tattoo artist and may result in a more natural-appearing areola periphery than tattooing methods alone.